Conditionals

What are conditionals?

Conditionals allow a program to make decisions by executing different blocks of code depending on whether a condition is true or false. This allows the program flow to adapt to different situations.

Structure	Description
if	Evaluates a condition. If true, the code block is executed.
elif	(else if) Evaluates another condition if the previous one was false.
else	Executes if no previous condition was true.
match	Evaluates a variable against multiple cases (case) and executes the block corresponding to the first matching pattern.

• Comparison with if

  if temperature > 30:
      print("It's hot")
  
  
  if age >= 18 and country == "Colombia":
      print("You can vote")
  
  
  if "admin" in roles:
      print("You have full access")

• Example applying roles

  user = "John"
  role = "editor"
  active = True
  
  if active:
      if role == "admin":
          print(f"Welcome {user}, you have full access.")
      elif role == "editor":
          print(f"Hello {user}, you can edit content.")
      else:
          print(f"Hello {user}, limited access.")
  else:
      print("Inactive account.")

• match application example

  status = "active"
  
  match status:
      case "active":
          print("The user is active.")
      case "inactive":
          print("The user is inactive.")
      case _:
          print("Unknown status.")